Hướng dẫn và ví dụ Java Buffer

public abstract class Buffer extends Object

public final int capacity()
 
public final int position()   
public Buffer position(int newPosition)  

public final int limit()   
public Buffer limit(int newLimit)

public Buffer mark()
public Buffer reset()  
public Buffer clear()  
public Buffer flip()   
public Buffer rewind()  

public final int remaining()
public final boolean hasRemaining()

public abstract boolean isReadOnly();
public abstract boolean hasArray();
public abstract Object array();
public abstract int arrayOffset();
public abstract boolean isDirect();
public abstract Buffer slice();
public abstract Buffer duplicate();

public final int capacity()

public final int position()

public Buffer position(int newPosition)

public final int limit()

// Allocate a character type buffer.
CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10

buffer.limit(7); // limit = 7

String text = "abcdefghij";
System.out.println("Input text: " + text);
System.out.println("Text length: " + text.length()); // 10

for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
    char chr = text.charAt(i);
    
    // put character in buffer.
    buffer.put(chr);
    System.out.println(i + ". put: " + chr);
}

public Buffer limit(int newLimit)

// Allocate a character type buffer.
CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10

System.out.printf("Buffer capacity: %d%n%n", buffer.capacity()); // 10

buffer.limit(9); // limit = 9
System.out.printf("Buffer limit: %d, position: %d%n%n", buffer.limit(), buffer.position());

System.out.println("Set newPostion: 8");
buffer.position(8);

System.out.printf("Buffer limit: %d, position: %d%n%n", buffer.limit(), buffer.position());

System.out.println("Set newLimit: 7");
// Set limit = 7.
buffer.limit(7);

System.out.printf("Buffer limit: %d, position: %d%n", buffer.limit(), buffer.position());

public Buffer mark()

public Buffer reset()

CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10

System.out.println("Set newPostion: 5");
buffer.position(5);

System.out.println("Mark current position!");
buffer.mark(); // marked position = 5

System.out.println("Call buffer.get() twice!");
char ch1 = buffer.get();
char ch2 = buffer.get();

System.out.printf("Position: %d%n%n", buffer.position()); // position = 7

System.out.println("Reset!");
buffer.reset();

System.out.printf("Position: %d%n%n", buffer.position()); // position = 5

public Buffer clear()

CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(7); // capacity = 7

// Write data to buffer:
buffer.put('A');
buffer.put('B');

buffer.position(3); // Set position to 3.
buffer.limit(5); // Set limit to 5.

System.out.printf("buffer, capcity: %d, limit: %d, position: %d%n%n", //
        buffer.capacity(), buffer.limit(), buffer.position());

System.out.println("Clear...");
buffer.clear();

System.out.printf("buffer, capcity: %d, limit: %d, position: %d%n%n", //
        buffer.capacity(), buffer.limit(), buffer.position());

// Read data in buffer:
while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
    char chr = buffer.get();
    System.out.println(chr + " --> " + (int) chr); // char and code.
}

public Buffer flip()

CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10

System.out.printf("Position: %d, Limit: %d, Capacity: %d%n%n",
        buffer.position(), buffer.limit(), buffer.capacity());

System.out.println("Write 3 characters to buffer\n");
for(char ch : new char[] {'A','B','C'}) {
    buffer.put(ch);
}
System.out.printf("Position: %d, Limit: %d, Capacity: %d%n%n",
        buffer.position(), buffer.limit(), buffer.capacity());

System.out.println("Set limit = 7, position = 5\n");
buffer.limit(7);
buffer.position(5);

System.out.printf("Position: %d, Limit: %d, Capacity: %d%n%n",
        buffer.position(), buffer.limit(), buffer.capacity());   

System.out.println(" --- flip() --- \n");
buffer.flip();  

System.out.printf("Position: %d, Limit: %d, Capacity: %d",
        buffer.position(), buffer.limit(), buffer.capacity());

CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(5); // capacity = 5  

// WRITE MODE:
System.out.println("Write 3 characters to buffer\n");
for(char ch : new char[] {'A','B','C'}) {
    buffer.put(ch);
}  
// (Now position = 3, limit = 5, capacity = 5).
System.out.println(" --- flip() --- \n");
buffer.flip();

// READ MODE:
// (Now position = 0, limit = 3, capacity = 5).
while(buffer.position() < buffer.limit()) {
   char ch = buffer.get();
   System.out.println(ch);
}

public Buffer rewind()

public final int remaining()

public final boolean hasRemaining()

public abstract Buffer slice();

CharBuffer buffer1 = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10  

// Write data to buffer1:
buffer1.put('A');
buffer1.put('B');
buffer1.put('C');

buffer1.position(1); // Set position to 1.
buffer1.limit(7); // Set limit to 7.

CharBuffer buffer2 = buffer1.slice();

System.out.printf("buffer2, capcity: %d, limit: %d, position: %d%n%n",
              buffer2.capacity(), buffer2.limit(), buffer2.position());

// Change data in buffer2:
buffer2.put('D');
buffer2.put('E');
buffer2.put('F');

//
buffer1.position(0);
buffer1.limit(4);
// Read data in buffer1:
while(buffer1.hasRemaining()) {
    System.out.println(buffer1.get());
}

public abstract Buffer duplicate();

CharBuffer buffer1 = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10  

// Write data to buffer1:
buffer1.put('A');
buffer1.put('B');
buffer1.put('C');

buffer1.position(1); // Set position to 1.
buffer1.limit(7); // Set limit to 7.

CharBuffer buffer2 = buffer1.duplicate();

System.out.printf("buffer2, capcity: %d, limit: %d, position: %d%n%n",
              buffer2.capacity(), buffer2.limit(), buffer2.position());

// Change data in buffer2:
buffer2.put('D');
buffer2.put('E');
buffer2.put('F');

//
buffer1.position(0);
buffer1.limit(4);
// Read data in buffer1:
while(buffer1.hasRemaining()) {
    System.out.println(buffer1.get());
}

public abstract Object array(); // Optional Operation.

CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.allocate(5); // capacity = 5

// Write data to charBuffer:
charBuffer.put('A');
charBuffer.put('B');
charBuffer.put('C');

boolean hasArray = charBuffer.hasArray(); // true

if(hasArray)  {
    char[] charArray = charBuffer.array();
    System.out.println("charArray.length: " + charArray.length);  // 5
    for(char ch: charArray)  {
        System.out.println(ch + " --> " + (int)ch);    // char and code
    }
}

public abstract boolean hasArray();

public abstract int arrayOffset();

public abstract boolean isReadOnly();

Buffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b2 = MappedByteBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b3 = ShortBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b4 = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b5 = FloatBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b6 = LongBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b7 = DoubleBuffer.allocate(10);
Buffer b8 = CharBuffer.allocate(10);

Buffer[] buffers = new Buffer[] { b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8 };

for (Buffer buffer : buffers) {
    System.out.println(buffer.getClass().getSimpleName() + " --> " + buffer.isReadOnly());
}

CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.allocate(10); // capacity = 10
// Write data to charBuffer.
charBuffer.put('A');
charBuffer.put('B');
charBuffer.put('C');

// Create a read-only CharBuffer.
CharBuffer readOnlyBuffer = charBuffer.asReadOnlyBuffer();

System.out.println("Write data to read-only buffer:");
readOnlyBuffer.put('D'); // ==> java.nio.ReadOnlyBufferException

package org.o7planning.buffer.ex;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.DoubleBuffer;
import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
import java.nio.IntBuffer;
import java.nio.LongBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

public class Buffer_isReadOnly_ex3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ByteBuffer b1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
        
        //
        Path pathToWrite = Paths.get("/Volumes/Data/test/out-file.txt");
        FileChannel fileChannel = (FileChannel) Files.newByteChannel(pathToWrite, //
                                                StandardOpenOption.READ,
                                                StandardOpenOption.WRITE,
                                                StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
        
        CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.wrap("This will be written to the file");
        MappedByteBuffer b2 = fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, charBuffer.length());
        //
        ShortBuffer b3 = ShortBuffer.allocate(10);
        IntBuffer b4 = IntBuffer.allocate(10);
        FloatBuffer b5 = FloatBuffer.allocate(10);
        LongBuffer b6 = LongBuffer.allocate(10);
        DoubleBuffer b7 = DoubleBuffer.allocate(10);
        CharBuffer b8 = CharBuffer.allocate(10);
        
        Buffer[] buffers = new Buffer[] { b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8 };
        for (Buffer buffer : buffers) {
            System.out.println(buffer.getClass().getSimpleName() + " --> " + buffer.isReadOnly());
        }
        System.out.println(" --------- ");
        
        ByteBuffer b1r = b1.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        MappedByteBuffer b2r = (MappedByteBuffer) b2.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        ShortBuffer b3r = b3.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        IntBuffer b4r = b4.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        FloatBuffer b5r = b5.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        LongBuffer b6r = b6.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        DoubleBuffer b7r = b7.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        CharBuffer b8r = b8.asReadOnlyBuffer();
        
        Buffer[] readOnlyBuffers = new Buffer[] { b1r, b2r, b3r, b4r, b5r, b6r, b7r, b8r };
        
        for (Buffer buffer : readOnlyBuffers) {
            System.out.println(buffer.getClass().getSimpleName() + " --> " + buffer.isReadOnly());
        }
    }
}

public abstract boolean isDirect();