openplanning

Sử dụng Template trong Spring MVC với Apache Tiles

  1. Giới thiệu
  2. Apache Tiles là gì?
  3. Xem trước ứng dụng
  4. Tạo Maven Project
  5. Khai báo maven & web.xml
  6. Cấu hình Spring MVC
  7. Cấu hình Apache Tiles
  8. Tiles Layout
  9. JSP Fragments
  10. Spring MVC Controller
  11. Chạy ứng dụng

1. Giới thiệu

Tài liệu hướng dẫn này được viết dựa trên:
  • Eclipse 4.6 NEON(ok for Eclipse 4.5 MARS)
  • Spring MVC 4.x
  • Apache Tiles 3.x
Xem thêm:

2. Apache Tiles là gì?

Apache Titles lấy lý tưởng từ việc xếp các viên ngói lại với nhau để tạo nên mái nhà.

Một trang web của bạn được coi là một mái nhà, nó được ghép lại từ các viên ngói, một viên ngói ở đây là một file jsp (jsp fragment). Apache Titles giúp bạn định nghĩa ra một khuôn mẫu (Template) để ghép các thành phần (các mảnh jsp) lại với nhau để thành một trang web.
Hãy xem một template minh họa:
classic.jsp
<%@ taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles"%>
<html>
<head>
<title><tiles:getAsString name="title" /></title>
</head>

<body>
    <table width="100%">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                <tiles:insertAttribute name="header" />
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%" nowrap="nowrap">
                 <tiles:insertAttribute name="menu" />
             </td>
            <td width="80%">
                 <tiles:insertAttribute name="body" />
             </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                 <tiles:insertAttribute name="footer" />
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

3. Xem trước ứng dụng

Đây là hình ảnh trang web:

4. Tạo Maven Project

Trên Eclipse chọn
  • File/New/Other...
Chọn nguyên mẫu (archetype) "maven-archetype-webapp".
Nhập vào:
  • Group Id: org.o7planning
  • Artifact Id: SpringMVCTiles
  • Package: org.o7planning.tutorial.springmvctiles
Đây là cấu trúc Project được tạo ra:
Đảm bảo rằng bạn sử dụng Java >= 6.
Project properties:
Bạn đừng lo lắng với thông báo lỗi khi Project vừa được tạo ra. Lý do là bạn chưa khai báo thư viện Servlet.
Eclipse tạo ra project Maven có thể sai cấu trúc. Bạn cần phải kiểm tra.

5. Khai báo maven & web.xml

Đảm bảo rằng bạn đang sử dụng Servlet API >= 3
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
   id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
   
   <display-name>SpringMVCTiles</display-name>
   
</web-app>
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
             http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.o7planning</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVCTiles</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringMVCTiles Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>


    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Servlet Library -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- JSP API -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


        <!-- Servlet JSP JSTL API -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl/javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-api -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>



        <!-- Spring dependencies -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Tiles API -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tiles/tiles-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
            <artifactId>tiles-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.7</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- Tiles Core -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tiles/tiles-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
            <artifactId>tiles-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Tiles Servlet -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tiles/tiles-servlet -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
            <artifactId>tiles-servlet</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.7</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Tiles JSP -->
        <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tiles/tiles-jsp -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tiles</groupId>
            <artifactId>tiles-jsp</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.7</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <finalName>SpringMVCTiles</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3</version>
                <!-- Must update Maven Project -->
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <!-- Config: Maven Tomcat Plugin -->
            <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat.maven/tomcat7-maven-plugin -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <!-- Config: contextPath and Port (Default - /SpringMVCTiles : 8080) -->
                <!--
                     <configuration>
                         <path>/</path>
                         <port>8899</port>
                     </configuration>
                -->
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

6. Cấu hình Spring MVC

SpringWebAppInitializer.java
package org.o7planning.springmvctiles.config;

import javax.servlet.FilterRegistration;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

public class SpringWebAppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        appContext.register(ApplicationContextConfig.class);

        ServletRegistration.Dynamic dispatcher = servletContext.addServlet("SpringDispatcher",
                new DispatcherServlet(appContext));
        dispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        dispatcher.addMapping("/");

        // UtF8 Charactor Filter.
        FilterRegistration.Dynamic fr = servletContext.addFilter("encodingFilter", CharacterEncodingFilter.class);

        fr.setInitParameter("encoding", "UTF-8");
        fr.setInitParameter("forceEncoding", "true");
        fr.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, true, "/*");
    }

}
Để Spring có thể tương tác với Apache Titles bạn cần phải khai báo 2 Spring BEAN là viewResolver và tilesConfigurer.
ApplicationContextConfig.java
package org.o7planning.springmvctiles.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles3.TilesView;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("org.o7planning.springmvctiles.*")
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean(name = "viewResolver")
    public ViewResolver getViewResolver() {
        UrlBasedViewResolver viewResolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver();

        // TilesView 3
        viewResolver.setViewClass(TilesView.class);

        return viewResolver;
    }

    @Bean(name = "tilesConfigurer")
    public TilesConfigurer getTilesConfigurer() {
        TilesConfigurer tilesConfigurer = new TilesConfigurer();

        // TilesView 3
        tilesConfigurer.setDefinitions("/WEB-INF/tiles.xml");

        return tilesConfigurer;
    }

}
WebMvcConfig.java
package org.o7planning.springmvctiles.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

   
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {

        // Default..
    }

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }
     

}

7. Cấu hình Apache Tiles

tiles.xml định nghĩa các trang hoàn chỉnh. Một trang hoàn chỉnh được ghép bởi các mảnh jsp khác nhau.
/WEB-INF/tiles.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC  
      "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 3.0//EN"  
      "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_3_0.dtd">  
<tiles-definitions>  

   <!-- Base Define -->
   <definition name="base.definition"  
       template="/WEB-INF/layouts/classic.jsp">  
       <put-attribute name="title" value="" />  
       <put-attribute name="header" value="/WEB-INF/basefragments/_header.jsp" />  
       <put-attribute name="menu" value="/WEB-INF/basefragments/_menu.jsp" />  
       <put-attribute name="body" value="" />  
       <put-attribute name="footer" value="/WEB-INF/basefragments/_footer.jsp" />  
   </definition>  

   <!-- Home Page -->
   <definition name="homePage" extends="base.definition">  
       <put-attribute name="title" value="Home Page" />  
       <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/bodyfragments/_home.jsp" />  
   </definition>  
     
   <!-- ContactUs Page -->
   <definition name="contactusPage" extends="base.definition">  
       <put-attribute name="title" value="Contact Us" />  
       <put-attribute name="body" value="/WEB-INF/bodyfragments/_contactus.jsp" />  
   </definition>  



</tiles-definitions>

8. Tiles Layout

/WEB-INF/layouts/classic.jsp
<%@ taglib uri="http://tiles.apache.org/tags-tiles" prefix="tiles"%>
<html>
<head>
<title><tiles:getAsString name="title" /></title>
</head>

<body>
    <table width="100%">
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                <tiles:insertAttribute name="header" />
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td width="20%" nowrap="nowrap">
                 <tiles:insertAttribute name="menu" />
             </td>
            <td width="80%">
                 <tiles:insertAttribute name="body" />
             </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                 <tiles:insertAttribute name="footer" />
            </td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</body>
</html>

9. JSP Fragments

_header.jsp
<div style="background: #E0E0E0; height: 55px; padding: 5px;">
  <div style="float: left">
     <h1>My Site</h1>
  </div>

  <div style="float: right; padding: 10px; text-align: right;">

     Search <input name="search">

  </div>

</div>
_menu.jsp
<div style="padding: 5px;">

   <ul>

       <li><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/">Home</a></li>
       <li><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/contactus">Contact Us</a></li>

   </ul>

</div>
_footer.jsp
<div
  style="background: #E0E0E0; text-align: center; padding: 5px; margin-top: 10px;">
   
  @Copyright o7planning.org
   
</div>
_home.jsp
<h2>Hi All</h2>

This is Home Page
_contactus.jsp
Contact Us: o7planning.org
<br>
Address: ${address}
<br>
Phone: ${phone}
<br>
Email: ${email}

10. Spring MVC Controller

MyController.java
package org.o7planning.springmvctiles.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
public class MyController {

    @RequestMapping(value = { "/", "/home" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String homePage(Model model) {
        return "homePage";
    }

    
    @RequestMapping(value = { "/contactus" }, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String contactusPage(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("address", "Vietnam");
        model.addAttribute("phone", "...");
        model.addAttribute("email", "...");
        return "contactusPage";
    }
    
}

11. Chạy ứng dụng

Trong lần đầu tiên, trước khi chạy ứng dụng bạn cần phải build toàn bộ project.
Nhấn phải chuột vào project chọn:
  • Run As/Maven install
Cấu hình để chạy ứng dụng:
Nhập vào:
  • Name: Run SpringMVCTiles
  • Base directory: ${workspace_loc:/SpringMVCTiles}
  • Goals: tomcat7:run
Nhấn Run để chạy:
Trong lần chạy đầu tiên sẽ hơi lâu do chương trình download các thư viện tomcat plugin về để chạy.
Mọi thứ đã hoàn thành:
Chạy URL:

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